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Table 1 Comparison definitions, study diets, and inventory of available outcome data

From: Dietary management of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Study ID

Intervention diet

Control diet

Available outcome data

听听听

Duration

Stool output

Weight change

Treatment failure

Comparison 1. Liquid feeds: Reduced lactose versus Regular lactose

Comparison of diets that include lactose-containing liquid feeds , where the intervention liquid feed contains less lactose than the control liquid feed

Bhatnagar 1998

Fermented formula + rice-lentil-oil gruel

Milk formula + rice-lentil-oil gruel

听听听

Y

Chew 1993

Gradually increased concentration of milk formula

Full strength milk formula

Y

Y

Y

Y

Ibanez 1986

Acidified milk formula

Milk formula

听

Y

听听

Lifshitz 1991

Diluted cow's milk

Cow's milk formula

听听听

Y

Pichaipat 1986

Gradually increased concentration of milk formula

Full strength milk formula

听听听

Y

Ransome 1984

Gradually increased concentration of cow's milk

Full-strength cow's milk

Y

听听

Y

Singh 1987

Yogurt

Milk

Y

听听听

Touhami 1989

Half strength milk or milk formula

Full strength milk or milk formula

Y

Y

Y

Y

Touhami 1992

Fermented milk formula + cereals + vegetable soup

Milk formula + cereals + vegetable soup

听

Y

Y

Y

Comparison 2. Liquid feeds: Lactose-free versus Lactose-containing

Comparison of diets that include liquid feeds , where the intervention liquid feed is lactose-free and the control liquid feed is lactose-containing

Brown 1991

i) Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids; ii) Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids, with wheat noodles

i) Powdered milk + corn syrup solids; ii) Powdered milk + corn syrup solids, with wheat noodles

Y

Y

Y

Y

Fayad 1999

Soy-based formula with sucrose

Soy-based formula with lactose

Y

听

Y

Y

Haffejee 1990

Soy-based formula

Cow's milk formula

Y

听听听

Lifshitz 1991

i) Lactose-free sodium caseinate formula; ii) Lactose-free casein hydrolysate formula; iii) Soy-based formula

i) Diluted cow's milk; ii) Cow's milk formula

听听听

Y

Lozano 1994

Lactose-free casein-based formula plus non-milk food

Cow's milk formula plus same non-milk food

Y

听听

Y

Naidoo 1981

Soy-based formula

Cow's milk formula

听听听

Y

Penny 1989

Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids

Powdered milk + corn syrup solids

听听听

Y

Rajah 1988

i) Lactose-free casein-based formula; ii) Soy-based formula; iii) Lactose-free hydrolyzed whey formula

Cow's milk formula

听

Y

听

Y

Romer 1989

Lactose-free semi-elemental formula

Cow's milk

听听

Y

Y

Simakachorn 2004

Soy-based formula + rice gruel

Cow's milk formula + rice gruel

Y

Y

Y

Y

Comparison 3. Lactose-free liquid feeds versus Lactose-containing mixed diets

Comparison of lactose-free liquid feeds with mixed diets containing lactose

Alarcon 1991

Soy-based formula

Potato flour + milk powder + carrot flour + veg oil + sugar

听听听

Y

Bhutta 1991

Soy-based formula

Rice + lentils + cottonseed oil + yogurt

听

Y

Y

Y

Bhutta 1994

Soy-based formula

Rice + lentils + cottonseed oil + yogurt + diluted buffalo milk

Y

Y

Y

Y

Brown 1991

Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids

Powdered milk + corn syrup solids, with wheat noodles

Y

Y

Y

Y

Comparison 4. Commercially prepared or specialized ingredients versus Home-available ingredients

Comparison of commercial preparations or specialized ingredients with diets comprised of home-available ingredients

Alarcon 1991

Soy-based formula

i) Wheat flour + pea flour + carrot flour + veg oil + cane sugar; ii) Potato flour + milk powder + carrot flour + veg oil + sugar

听听听

Y

Alarcon 1992

Rice + vegetable oil + soy protein isolate + corn syrup solids

Rice + vegetable oil +white beans

听听听

Y

Bhan 1988

Cow's milk formula

Rice + lentil + sugar + coconut oil

Y

听

Y

Y

Bhutta 1991

Soy-based formula

Rice + lentils + cottonseed oil + yogurt

听

Y

Y

Y

Bhutta 1994

Soy-based formula

Rice + lentils + cottonseed oil + yogurt + diluted buffalo milk

Y

Y

Y

Y

Brown 1991

i) Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids; ii) Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids, with wheat noodles

i) Powdered milk + corn syrup solids; ii) Powdered milk + corn syrup solids, with wheat noodles

Y

Y

Y

Y

Carias 1999

Soy-based formula

Lactose-free chicken-based formula

听

Y

Y

听

Godard 1989

Hydrolyzed lactalbumin + dextrin-maltrose + sunflower oil + carrots

Chicken + dextrin-maltrose + sunflower oil + carrots

Y

听听听

Grange 1994

Soy-based formula

Fermented maize flour + toasted cowpea flour + palm oil + sugar

听听听

Y

Lifshitz 1991

i) Lactose-free sodium caseinate formula; ii) Lactose-free casein hydrolysate formula; iii) Soy-based formula; iv) Cow's milk formula

Diluted cow's milk

听听听

Y

Maulen-Radovan 1994

Soy-based formula

Rice + chicken + carrots + beans + vegetable oil

听

Y

Y

Y

Nurko 1997

i) Elemental formula: ii) Soy-based formula

Chicken + sugar + minerals + cooking oil

Y

Y

Y

Y

Penny 1989

Lactose-hydrolyzed powdered milk + corn syrup solids

Powdered milk + corn syrup solids

听听听

Y

Romer 1989

Lactose-free semi-elemental formula

Cow's milk

听听

Y

Y

Santosham 1990

i) Soy-based formula; ii) Rice-based formula

Liquefied boiled rice

Y

Y

Y

Y

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