Table 2 Demographic Characteristics and prevalence of parameters for adolescent aged 13 years old by gender and Place of Residences
Baseline characteristic | Male | Female | Total (%) | Chi square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 1361) | N = 525 No (%) | N = 836 No (%) | 听 | 虫虏 | p-value |
Place of residence | 听 | ||||
听听 Urban | 240 (45.7) | 483 (57.8) | 723 (53.1) | 18.8 | <0.001 |
听听 Rural | 285 (54.3) | 353 (42.2) | 638 (46.9) | 听 | 听 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 听 | ||||
听听 Normal (<130) | 497 (95.2) | 795 (95.1) | 1292 (94.9) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Hypertensive (鈮�130) | 25 (4.8) | 33 (3.9) | 58 (4.3) | 0.5 | 0.478 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 听 | ||||
听听 Normal (<85) | 496(94.5) | 788 (94.3) | 1284 (94.3) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Hypertensive (鈮�85) | 26 (5.0) | 40 (4.8) | 66 (4.8) | 0.02 | 0.901 |
Fasting Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | 听 | ||||
听听 Normal (3.9-5.5) | 496 (94.5) | 788 (94.3) | 1284 (94.1) | 9.3 | <0.05 |
听听 High (鈮�5.6) | 26 (5.0) | 27 (3.2) | 53 (3.9) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Low (<3.9) | 3 (0.6) | 21 (2.5) | 24 (1.8) | 听 | 听 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 听 | ||||
听听 Desirable (<5.2) | 415 (79.0) | 624 (74.6) | 1039 (76.3) | 3.5 | 0.176 |
听听 Borderline (5.2-6.2) | 92 (17.5) | 178 (21.3) | 270 (19.8) | 听 | 听 |
听听 High Risk (>6.2) | 18 (3.4) | 34 (4.1) | 52 (3.8) | 听 | 听 |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 At risk (鈮�1.03) | 478 (91.0) | 795 (95.1) | 1273 (93.5) | 8.74 | <0.05 |
听听 Normal (>1.03) | 47 (9.0) | 41 (4.9) | 88 (6.5) | 听 | 听 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 Optimal (<2.58) | 252 (48.0) | 334 (40.0) | 586 (43.1) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Near Optimal (2.58-3.34) | 179 (34.1) | 343 (41.0) | 522 (38.4) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Borderline (3.35-4.11) | 73 (13.9) | 120 (14.4) | 193 (14.2) | 9.74 | <0.05 |
听听 High (4.12-4.89) | 15 (2.9) | 31 (3.7) | 46 (3.4) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Very high (>4.9) | 6 (1.1) | 8 (1.0) | 14 (1.0) | 听 | 听 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 Normal (<1.7) | 491 (93.5) | 784 (93.8) | 1275 (93.7) | 0.04 | 0.850 |
听听 High (鈮� 1.7) | 34 (6.5) | 52 (6.2) | 86 (6.3) | 听 | 听 |
BMI (IOTF standards kgm -2 ) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 Underweight (<15.8m; <16.3f ) | 103 (20.0) | 183 (23.0) | 286 (21.9) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Normal (15.8 - <21.9m; 16.3 - <22.6f) | 282 (53.7) | 456 (54.5) | 738 (54.2) | 5.8 | 0.329 |
听听 Overweight (<21.9 - <26.8m; 22.6 - <27.8f) | 82 (15.6) | 128 (15.3) | 210 (15.4) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Obese (鈮�26.8m; 鈮�27.8f) | 56(10.7) | 60 (7.2) | 116 (8.5) | 听 | 听 |
Smoking | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 No | 432 (82.3) | 790 (94.5) | 1222 (89.8) | 47.8 | <0.001 |
听听 Yes | 81 (15.4) | 39 (4.7) | 120 (8.8) | 听 | 听 |
| 听 | Urban | Rural | Total (%) | Chi square | |
| 听 | No (%) | No (%) | 听 | x 2 | p-value |
Ethnicity | 听 | ||||
听听 Malay | 521 (72.1) | 570 (89.3) | 1091 (80.2) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Chinese | 98 (13.6) | 7 (1.1) | 105 (7.7) | 118.5 | <0.001 |
听听 Indian | 83 (11.5) | 22 (3.4) | 105 (7.7) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Others | 12 (1.7) | 29 (4.5) | 41 (3.0) | 听 | 听 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 听 | ||||
听听 Normal (<130) | 680 (94.1) | 612 (95.9) | 1292 (94.9) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Hypertensive (鈮�130) | 32 (4.4) | 26 (4.1) | 58 (4.3) | 0.14 | 0.705 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 听 | ||||
听听 Normal (<85) | 687 (95.0) | 597 (93.6) | 1284 (94.3) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Hypertensive (鈮�85) | 25 (3.5) | 41 (6.4) | 66 (4.8) | 6.1 | <0.05 |
Fasting Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | 听 | ||||
听听 Normal (3.9-5.5) | 692 (95.7) | 592 (92.8) | 1284 (94.1) | 10.7 | <0.05 |
听听 High (鈮�5.6) | 26 (3.6) | 27 (4.2) | 53 (3.9) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Low (<3.9) | 5 (0.7) | 19 (3.0) | 24 (1.8) | 听 | 听 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 听 | ||||
听听 Desirable (<5.2) | 579 (80.1) | 460 (72.1) | 1039 (76.3) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Borderline (5.2-6.2) | 127 (17.6) | 143 (22.4) | 270 (19.8) | 15.6 | <0.001 |
听听 High Risk (>6.2) | 17 (2.4) | 35 (5.5) | 52 (3.8) | 听 | 听 |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 听 | ||||
听听 At risk (鈮�1.03) | 681 (94.2) | 592 (92.8) | 1273 (93.5) | 1.1 | 0.294 |
听听 Normal (>1.03) | 42 (5.8) | 46 (7.2) | 88 (6.5) | 听 | 听 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 听 | ||||
听听 Optimal (<2.58) | 343 (47.4) | 243 (38.1) | 586 (43.1) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Near Optimal (2.58-3.34) | 271 (37.5) | 251 (39.3) | 522 (38.4) | 27.9 | <0.001 |
听听 Borderline (3.35-4.11) | 93 (12.9) | 100 (15.7) | 193 (14.2) | 听 | 听 |
听听 High (4.12-4.89) | 10 (1.4) | 36 (5.6) | 46 (3.4) | 听 | 听 |
听听 Very high (>4.9) | 6 (0.8) | 8 (1.3) | 14 (1.0) | 听 | 听 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 Normal (<1.7) | 670 (92.7) | 605 (94.8) | 1275 (93.7) | 2.67 | 0.102 |
听听 High (鈮� 1.7) | 53 (7.3) | 33 (5.2) | 86 (6.3) | 听 | 听 |
Smoking | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
听听 No | 656 (90.7) | 566 (88.7) | 1222 (89.8) | 1.26 | 0.262 |
听听 Yes | 58 (8.0) | 62 (9.7) | 120 (8.8) | 听 | 听 |