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Table 3 Proportion of women attending antenatal care in each facility, by maternal characteristics and birth outcomes in worst case scenario (women with unknown attendance classified as not having attended ANC)

From: Attendance at antenatal clinics in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa and its associations with birth outcomes: analysis of data from birth registers at three facilities

Variable

Primary care clinic

P

Secondary level hospital

P

Tertiary hospital

P

% attended (n/N)

% attended (n/N)

% attended (n/N)

ANC attendance for facility

77.1 (5813/7543)

听

89.0 (3661/4113)

听

93.1 (18,177/19,523)

听

Maternal age (years)

鈥�10鈥�16

75.0 (66/88)

0.01$

-

-

91.0 (229/252)

<0.001$

鈥�17鈥�19

74.1 (542/731)

91.0 (1114/1224)

鈥�20鈥�24

75.9 (2197/2894)

91.7 (4726/5154)

鈥�25鈥�29

79.0 (1797/2275)

93.6 (5674/6065)

鈥�30鈥�34

78.0 (844/1082)

94.1 (3814/4051)

鈥兲墺听35

77.6 (367/473)

94.3 (2620/2777)

Parityb

鈥�1

-

-

-

-

93.4 (6046/6461)

0.85$

鈥�2鈥�4

93.4 (4642/4966)

鈥兲墺听5

93.9 (448/477)

Gravidityb

鈥�1

-

-

-

-

92.0 (5252/5708)

<0.001$

鈥�2鈥�4

93.4 (11,761/12,581)

鈥兲墺听5

94.3 (1040/1093)

Had HIV test

鈥僘别蝉

97.2 (5023/5167)

<0.001

92.6 (3353/3621)

<0.001

95.1 (17,380/18,276)

<0.001

鈥僋辞

33.3 (790/2376)

62.6 (308/492)

63.9 (797/1247)

HIV statusa

鈥働辞蝉颈迟颈惫别

95.0 (1803/1897)

<0.001

92.0 (798/867)

0.47

95.0 (5180/5452)

0.72

鈥僋别驳补迟颈惫别

98.5 (3220/3270)

92.8 (2555/2754)

95.1 (12,200/12,824)

Delivery mode

鈥僔aginal delivery

77.1 (5813/7543)

-

87.6 (2741/3129)

<0.001

90.6 (7924/8744)

<0.001

鈥僀aesarean section

NA

93.5 (920/984)

96.5 (9946/10,304)

Infant sex

鈥僃别尘补濒别

77.7 (2976/3833)

0.28

88.4 (1795/2031)

0.19

94.0 (8115/8636)

0.24

鈥僊补濒别

76.6 (2824/3687)

89.7 (1864/2079)

93.5 (8434/9017)

Gestation at birth

鈥働谤别迟别谤尘

57.7 (15/26)

0.02

80.9 (38/47)

0.20

88.8 (4551/5125)

<0.001

鈥僒别谤尘

77.1 (5798/7517)

89.1 (3616//4058)

94.8 (12,318/12,989)

鈥働辞蝉迟-迟别谤尘

-

87.5 (7/8)

95.4 (866/908)

Infant status at birth

鈥倾濒颈惫别

77.2 (5799/7510)

<0.001

89.1 (3647/4093)

0.32

94.1 (16,367/17,401)

<0.001

鈥侨迟颈濒濒产颈谤迟丑b

40.6 (13/32)

81.3 (13/16)

83.2 (405/487)

  1. At HCHC, no births were considered post-term. Worst case scenario is the number of women who attended ANC among all women
  2. NA not applicable as caesarean sections not done at HCHC
  3. 鈥揇ata not collected in labour ward registers
  4. $Chi-square test for trend
  5. aHIV status among women with a known status
  6. bIncludes death shortly after birth.
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