Table 1 Multivariate analysis for factors associated with antibiotic over-prescription for diarrheal children under 5鈥墆ears old without dysentery in Asembo (N鈥�=鈥�2685)
From: Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood diarrhea case management 鈥� Kenya, 2009鈥�2016
Factors | Antibiotic prescribed (%) | Antibiotic not prescribed (%) | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjustedb odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥倾驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥�1 | 545/1410 (38.3%) | 408 /1275 (32.0%) | 1.32 (1.13鈥�1.55) | 听 |
鈥僊补濒别 | 745/1410 (52.8%) | 707/1275 (55.5%) | 1.11 (0.95鈥�1.29) | 听 |
Recent medical history | ||||
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays | 182/1410 (12.9%) | 127/1275 (10.0%) | 1.34 (1.05鈥�1.70) | 听 |
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays with diarrheal symptom | 43/1406 (3.1%) | 25/1270 (2.0%) | 1.57 (0.95鈥�2.59) | 听 |
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays with antibiotic treatment | 64/1410 (4.5%) | 42/1275 (3.3%) | 1.40 (0.94鈥�2.08) | 听 |
Signs and symptoms | ||||
鈥僕别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-补驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 263/1395 (18.9%) | 254/1262 (20.1%) | 0.92 (0.76鈥�1.12) | 听 |
鈥仅别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-补驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 369/1320 (28.0%) | 324/1201 (27.0%) | 1.05 (0.88鈥�1.25) | 听 |
鈥僕别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-丑别颈驳丑迟鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 182/1302 (14.0%) | 182/1181 (15.4%) | 0.89 (0.71鈥�1.11) | 听 |
鈥僊easured or reported fever | 1158/1410 (82.1%) | 1112/1275 (87.2%) | 0.67 (0.54鈥�0.83) | 听 |
鈥僀辞耻驳丑 | 691/1410 (49.0%) | 601/1275 (47.1%) | 1.08 (0.93鈥�1.25) | 听 |
鈥僁ifficulty breathing | 12/1409 (0.9%) | 11/1274 (0.9%) | 0.99 (0.43鈥�2.24) | 听 |
鈥僑ore throat | 12/1358 (0.9%) | 4/1266 (0.3%) | 2.81 (0.90鈥�8.72) | 5.03 (0.73鈥�34.91) |
鈥僔辞尘颈迟颈苍驳 | 469/1410 (33.3%) | 462/1272 (36.3%) | 0.87 (0.75鈥�1.03) | 0.79 (0.58鈥�1.07) |
鈥僐unny nose | 477/1410 (33.8%) | 416/1275 (32.6%) | 1.06 (0.90鈥�1.24) | 听 |
鈥侨苍别别锄颈苍驳 | 251/1409 (17.8%) | 202/1275 (15.8%) | 1.15 (0.94鈥�1.41) | 听 |
Physical examination | ||||
鈥僐estless or irritable | 80/1409 (5.7%) | 46/1270 (3.6%) | 1.60 (1.11鈥�2.32) | 1.39 (0.81鈥�2.40) |
鈥僑unken eyes | 128/1408 (9.1%) | 78/1270 (6.1%) | 1.53 (1.14鈥�2.05) | 1.22 (0.80鈥�1.84) |
鈥僁rinks eagerly, thirsty | 58/1407 (4.1%) | 36/1268 (2.8%) | 1.47 (0.96鈥�2.25) | 听 |
鈥僑kin tenting | 87/1405 (6.2%) | 46/1270 (3.6%) | 1.76 (1.22鈥�2.53) | 听 |
鈥僑igns of anemia | 30/1378 (2.2%) | 36/1243 (2.9%) | 0.75 (0.46鈥�1.22) | 听 |
鈥僀谤补肠办濒别蝉/谤补濒别蝉 | 3/1408 (0.2%) | 6/1272 (0.5%) | 0.45 (0.11鈥�1.81) | 听 |
Clinical diagnoses | ||||
鈥僄补蝉迟谤辞别苍迟别谤颈迟颈蝉 | 1292/1410 (91.6%) | 792/1275 (62.1%) | 6.68 (5.36鈥�8.32) | 8.23 (3.68鈥�18.40) |
鈥僊补濒补谤颈补 | 322/1410 (22.8%) | 660/1275 (51.8%) | 0.27 (0.23鈥�0.33) | 0.37 (0.25鈥�0.54) |
鈥僁别丑测诲谤补迟颈辞苍 | 123/1410 (8.7%) | 66/1275 (5.2%) | 1.75 (1.28鈥�2.39) | 听 |
鈥僓搁罢滨a | 415/1410 (29.4%) | 352/1275 (27.6%) | 1.09 (0.93鈥�1.29) | 听 |
Prescription | ||||
鈥僀oncurrent ORSa | 1130/1410 (80.1%) | 830/1275 (65.1%) | 2.16 (1.82鈥�2.58) | 0.49 (0.33鈥�0.71) |
鈥僀oncurrent zinc | 765/1410 (54.3%) | 714/1275 (56.0%) | 0.93 (0.80鈥�1.09) | 听 |