Table 2 Multivariate analysis for factors associated with antibiotic over-prescription for diarrheal children under 5鈥墆ears old without dysentery in Kibera (n鈥�=鈥�4518)
From: Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood diarrhea case management 鈥� Kenya, 2009鈥�2016
Factors | Antibiotic prescribed (%) | Antibiotic not prescribed (%) | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjustedb odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
鈥倾驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥�1 | 194/904 (21.5%) | 938/3614 (26.0%) | 0.78 (0.65鈥�0.93) | 0.82 (0.71鈥�0.94) |
鈥僊补濒别 | 445/904 (49.2%) | 1763/3614 (48.8%) | 1.02 (0.88鈥�1.19) | 听 |
Recent medical history | ||||
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays | 111/904 (12.3%) | 456/3614 (12.6%) | 0.97 (0.77鈥�1.21) | 听 |
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays with diarrheal symptom | 40/872 (4.6%) | 147/3446 (4.3%) | 1.08 (0.75鈥�1.54) | 听 |
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays with antibiotic treatment | 39/904 (4.3%) | 78/3614 (2.2%) | 2.04 (1.38鈥�3.02) | 2.51 (1.72鈥�3.69) |
Signs and symptoms | ||||
鈥僕别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-补驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 164/888 (18.5%) | 625/3567 (17.5%) | 1.07 (0.88鈥�1.29) | 听 |
鈥仅别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-补驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝鈥�2 | 313/806 (38.8%) | 1255/3010 (41.7%) | 0.89 (0.76鈥�1.04) | 听 |
鈥僕别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-丑别颈驳丑迟鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 58/792 (7.3%) | 233/2989 (7.8%) | 0.94 (0.69鈥�1.26) | 听 |
鈥僊easured or reported fever | 188/902 (20.8%) | 360/3605 (9.99%) | 2.37 (1.96鈥�2.88) | 2.24 (1.56鈥�3.23) |
鈥僀辞耻驳丑 | 505/904 (55.9%) | 1667/3612 (46.2%) | 1.48 (1.28鈥�1.71) | 1.42 (1.06鈥�1.90) |
鈥僁ifficulty breathing | 8/865 (0.9%) | 7/3185 (0.2%) | 4.23 (1.53鈥�11.72) | 3.97 (1.28鈥�12.30) |
鈥僑ore throat | 6/901 (0.7%) | 24/3599 (0.7%) | 1.00 (0.41鈥�2.45) | 听 |
鈥僔辞尘颈迟颈苍驳 | 98/904 (10.8%) | 575/3611 (15.9%) | 0.64 (0.51鈥�0.81) | 0.74 (0.53鈥�1.03) |
鈥僐unny nose | 491/904 (54.3%) | 1848/3612 (51.2%) | 1.13 (0.98鈥�1.31) | 听 |
鈥侨苍别别锄颈苍驳 | 97/903 (10.7%) | 480/3612 (13.3%) | 0.79 (0.62鈥�0.99) | 0.74 (0.40鈥�1.38) |
Physical examination | ||||
鈥僐estless or irritable | 8/903 (0.9%) | 33/3585 (0.9%) | 0.96 (0.44鈥�2.09) | 听 |
鈥僑unken eyes | 11/904 (1.2%) | 58/3591 (1.6%) | 0.75 (0.39鈥�1.44) | 听 |
鈥僁rinks eagerly, thirsty | 11/904 (1.2%) | 33/3598 (0.9%) | 1.33 (0.67鈥�2.64) | 听 |
鈥僑kin tenting | 10/904 (1.1%) | 45/3592 (1.3%) | 0.88 (0.44鈥�1.76) | 听 |
鈥僑igns of anemia | 1/901 (0.1%) | 9/3598 (0.3%) | 0.44 (0.06鈥�3.50) | 听 |
鈥僀谤补肠办濒别蝉/谤补濒别蝉 | 32/904 (3.5%) | 41/3614 (1.1%) | 3.20 (2.00鈥�5.11) | 2.66 (1.34鈥�5.30) |
Clinical diagnoses | ||||
鈥僄补蝉迟谤辞别苍迟别谤颈迟颈蝉 | 670/904 (74.1%) | 2555/3588 (71.2%) | 1.16 (0.98鈥�1.37) | 1.62 (0.94鈥�2.80) |
鈥僊alaria diagnosis | 15/904 (2.0%) | 94/3588 (2.6%) | 0.63 (0.36鈥�1.09) | 听 |
鈥僁别丑测诲谤补迟颈辞苍 | 5/904 (0.6%) | 44/3588 (1.2%) | 0.45 (0.18鈥�1.13) | 听 |
鈥僓搁罢滨a | 415/904 (45.9%) | 1651/3588 (46.0%) | 1.00 (0.86鈥�1.15) | 0.82 (0.52鈥�1.31) |
Treatment | ||||
鈥僀oncurrent ORSa | 578/904 (63.9%) | 2420/3614 (67.0%) | 0.88 (0.75鈥�1.02) | 0.81 (0.54鈥�1.22) |
鈥僀oncurrent zinc | 335/904 (37.1%) | 1327/3614 (36.7%) | 1.02 (0.87鈥�1.18) | 听 |