Table 4 Multivariate analysis for factors associated with antibiotic under-prescription for diarrheal children under 5鈥墆ears old with dysentery in Nairobi, Kibera (n鈥�=鈥�179)
From: Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood diarrhea case management 鈥� Kenya, 2009鈥�2016
Factors | Antibiotic prescribed (%) | Antibiotic not prescribed (%) | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjustedb odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
鈥倾驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥�1 | 4/47 (8.51%) | 33/132 (25.0%) | 3.58 (1.20鈥�10.72) | 4.76 (1.46鈥�15.50) |
鈥僊补濒别 | 21/47 (44.7%) | 73/132 (55.3%) | 1.53 (0.78鈥�2.99) | 听 |
鈥僐ecent medical history | ||||
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays | 7/47 (14.9%) | 21/132 (15.9%) | 1.08 (0.43鈥�2.74) | 听 |
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays with diarrheal symptom | 3/45 (6.7%) | 8/127 (6.3%) | 0.94 (0.24鈥�3.71) | 听 |
鈥僀linic visit within 14鈥塪ays with antibiotic treatment | 1/47 (2.1%) | 3/132 (2.3%) | 1.07 (0.11鈥�10.51) | 听 |
Signs and symptoms | ||||
鈥僕别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-补驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 8/47 (17.0%) | 21/132 (15.9%) | 0.92 (0.38鈥�2.25) | 听 |
鈥仅别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-补驳别鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝2 | 23/42 (54.8%) | 46/106 (43.4%) | 0.63 (0.31鈥�1.30) | 听 |
鈥僕别颈驳丑迟-蹿辞谤-丑别颈驳丑迟鈥�&濒迟;鈥夆垝鈥�2 | 3/42 (7.1%) | 7/106 (6.6%) | 0.92 (0.23鈥�3.74) | 听 |
鈥僊easured or reported fever | 8/47 (17.0%) | 13/132 (9.85%) | 0.53 (0.21鈥�1.38) | 0.34 (0.11鈥�1.05) |
鈥僀辞耻驳丑 | 25/47 (53.2%) | 55/132 (41.7%) | 0.63 (0.32鈥�1.22) | 0.54 (0.25鈥�1.17) |
鈥僁ifficulty breathing | 1/43 (2.33%) | 0/107 (0%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僑ore throat | 0/47 (0%) | 0/131 (0%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僔辞尘颈迟颈苍驳 | 5/47 (10.6%) | 8/132 (6.1%) | 0.54 (0.17鈥�1.75) | 听 |
鈥僐unny nose | 27/47 (57.5%) | 63/132 (47.7%) | 0.68 (0.35鈥�1.32) | 听 |
鈥侨苍别别锄颈苍驳 | 6/47 (12.7%) | 16/132 (12.1%) | 0.94 (0.35鈥�2.57) | 听 |
Physical examination | ||||
鈥僐estless or irritable | 0/47 (0%) | 0/131 (0%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僑unken eyes | 1/47 (2.1%) | 0/132 (0%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僁rinks eagerly, thirsty | 2/47 (4.3%) | 0/132 (0%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僑kin tenting | 1/47 (2.1%) | 0/131 (0%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僑igns of anemia | 0/47 (0%) | 1/131 (0.8%) | N/A | 听 |
鈥僀谤补肠办濒别蝉/谤补濒别蝉 | 0/47 (0%) | 1/132 (0.8%) | N/A | 听 |
Clinical diagnoses | ||||
鈥僄补蝉迟谤辞别苍迟别谤颈迟颈蝉 | 32/47 (68.1%) | 79/131 (60.3%) | 0.71 (0.35鈥�1.44) | 听 |
鈥僊alaria diagnosis | 1/47 (2.1%) | 2/131 (1.5%) | 0.71 (0.06鈥�8.05) | 听 |
鈥僁别丑测诲谤补迟颈辞苍 | 1/47 (2.1%) | 1/131 (0.8%) | 0.35 (0.02鈥�5.78) | 听 |
鈥僓搁罢滨a | 14/47 (29.8%) | 40/131 (30.5%) | 1.04 (0.50鈥�2.14) | 听 |
鈥僁测蝉别苍迟别谤测 | 13/47 (27.7%) | 7/131 (5.3%) | 0.15 (0.06鈥�0.40) | 0.10 (0.03鈥�0.34) |
Treatment | ||||
鈥僀oncurrent ORSa | 37/47 (78.7%) | 83/132 (62.9%) | 0.46 (0.21鈥�1.00) | 听 |
鈥僀oncurrent zinc | 15/47 (31.9%) | 42/132 (31.8%) | 1.00 (0.49鈥�2.03) | 听 |