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Table 1 Employee characteristics by income group (±·â€‰= 5235)

From: Anteceding factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism in urban area in Malaysia

Employee Characteristics

< RM4000

RM4000 - RM7999

>RM8000

Overall

Age, years

1856 (35.4%)

1548 (29.6%)

1831 (35.0%)

5235 (100%)

Mean (SD)

27.9 (6.0)

34.7 (7.6)

39.0 (8.5)

33.8 (8.8)

Median (IQR)

26 (6)

33 (10)

38 (12)

32 (12)***

(Min, Max)

(18, 59)

(21, 85)

(19, 67)

(18, 85)

Age years, No. (%)

 Age 18 to 24

609 (32.8)

41 (2.6)

54 (.03)

704 (13.5)***

 Age 25 to 34

1004 (54.1)

840 (54.3)

545 (29.8)

2389 (45.6)

 Age 35 to 44

197 (10.6)

496 (32.0)

770 (42.0)

1463 (28.0)

 Age 45 to 54

43 (2.3)

136 (8.8)

367 (20.0)

546 (10.4)

 Age 55 to 64

3 (0.2)

33 (2.1)

93 (5.1)

129 (2.5)

 Age 65 above

0 (0.0)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

4 (0.0)

Gender, No. (%)

 M²¹±ô±ð

592 (31.9)

572 (37.0)

812 (44.4)

1976 (37.8) ***

 F±ð³¾²¹±ô±ð

1264 (68.1)

976 (63.0)

1019 (56.7)

3259 (62.3)

Ethnicity, No. (%)

 M²¹±ô²¹²â

896 (48.3)

530 (34.2)

409 (22.3)

1835 (35.1) ***

 C³ó¾±²Ô±ð²õ±ð

551 (29.7)

733 (47.4)

1066 (58.2)

2350 (44.9)

 I²Ô»å¾±²¹²Ô

341 (18.4)

249 (16.1)

300 (16.4)

890 (17.0)

 O³Ù³ó±ð°ù²õ

68 (3.7)

36 (2.3)

56 (3.1)

160 (3.1)

Marital Status, No. (%)

â€ÇȾ±²Ô²µ±ô±ð

1237 (66.7)

631 (40.8)

504 (27.5)

2372 (45.3) ***

 M²¹°ù°ù¾±±ð»å

557 (30.0)

838 (54.1)

1177 (64.3)

2572 (49.1)

â€Çȱð±è²¹°ù²¹³Ù±ð»å/¶Ù¾±±¹´Ç°ù³¦±ð»å/°Â¾±»å´Ç·É±ð»å

29 (1.6)

50 (3.2)

53 (2.9)

132 (2.5)

 Prefer not to say

33 (1.8)

29 (1.9)

97 (5.3)

159 (3.0)

Education, No. (%)

 Less than University

558 (30.1)

418 (27.0)

363 (19.8)

1339 (25.6) ***

 University degree or higher

1298 (69.9)

1130 (73.0)

1468 (80.2)

3896 (74.4)

Occupation, No. (%)

 M²¹²Ô²¹²µ±ð°ù

113 (7.2)

513 (33.1)

962 (52.5)

1608 (30.7) ***

 P°ù´Ç´Ú±ð²õ²õ¾±´Ç²Ô²¹±ô

554 (29.8)

515 (33.2)

527 (28.8)

1596 (30.5)

 Technician or junior professional

402 (21.7)

232 (15)

87 (4.8)

721 (13.8)

 Clerical support worker

427 (23.0)

133 (8.6)

56 (3.1)

616 (1.8)

 Service worker

64 (3.5)

24 (1.6)

8 (0.4)

96 (1.8)

 Sales worker

125 (6.7)

54 (3.5)

23 (1.3)

202 (3.9)

 Skilled worker

4 (0.2)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

7 (0.1)

Financial Concern, No. (%)

 Don’t know

147 (7.9)

75 (5)

167 (9)

389 (7.4)

 Y±ð²õ, a little

589 (31.7)

509 (32.9)

801 (43.7)

1899 (36.3) ***

 Y±ð²õ, a lot

806 (43.4)

722 (46.6)

752 (41.1)

2280 (43.5)

 N´Ç

461 (25.9)

317 (20.5)

278 (15.2)

1056 (20.2)

Employment Length, years

 N³Ü³¾²ú±ð°ù

1856

1548

1831

5235

 Mean (SD)

3.5 (4.5)

7.2 (7.0)

8.0 (8.0)

6.2 (6.9)

 Median (IQR)

2 (3)

5 (8)

5 (9)

4 (7) ***

 (Min, Max)

(0, 34)

(0, 40)

(0, 40)

(0, 40)

Work Irregular Hours, No. (%)

 Y±ð²õ

496 (26.7)

303 (19.6)

304 (16.6)

1103 (21.1)

Job Satisfaction, No. (%)

â€Çã²µ°ù±ð±ð

1223 (65.9)

1076 (69.5)

1306 (71.3)

3605 (68.9)**

 Neither agree nor disagree

310 (16.7)

243 (15.7)

286 (15.6)

839 (16.0)

 D¾±²õ²¹²µ°ù±ð±ð

323 (17.4)

229 (14.8)

239 (13.1)

791 (15.1)

Physical Health, No. (%)

 Very good

254 (13.7)

191 (12.3)

203 (11.1)

648 (12.4)

 G´Ç´Ç»å

1010 (54.4)

840 (54.3)

1007 (55.0)

2857 (54.5)

 F²¹¾±°ù

523 (28.2)

457 (29.5)

568 (31.0)

1548 (29.6)

 P´Ç´Ç°ù

65 (3.5)

57 (3.7)

45 (2.5)

167 (3.2)

 Very poor

4 (0.2)

3 (0.2)

8 (0.4)

15 (0.3)

Mental Health, No. (%)

 Very good

370 (19.9)

288 (18.6)

352 (19.2)

1010 (19.3)*

 G´Ç´Ç»å

941 (50.7)

838 (54.1)

1024 (55.9)

2803 (53.5)

 F²¹¾±°ù

444 (23.9)

353 (22.8)

395 (21.6)

1192 (22.8)

 P´Ç´Ç°ù

87 (4.7)

59 (3.8)

49 (2.7)

195 (3.7)

 Very poor

14 (0.8)

10 (0.7)

11 (0.6)

35 (0.7)

Sleep length, hours

 Mean (SD)

6.5 (1.2)

6.4 (1.1)

6.4 (1.0)

6.4 (1.1)

 Median (IQR)

6 (1)

6 (1)

6 (1)

6 (1) ***

 (Min, Max)

(1, 12)

(3, 24)

(2, 15)

(1, 24)

Health Condition Kidney Disease, No. (%)

 Y±ð²õ

4 (0.2)

12 (0.8)

12 (0.7)

28 (0.5)

Health Condition Diabetes, No. (%)

 Y±ð²õ

23 (1.2)

37 (2.4)

46 (2.5)

106 (2.0)*

Health Condition Migraines, No. (%)

 Y±ð²õ

243 (13.1)

186 (12.0)

233 (12.7)

662 (13.7)

Unwell Due to Work Stress, No. (%)

 Y±ð²õ, definitely

291 (15.7)

233 (15.0)

216 (11.8)

740 (14.1) ***

 Y±ð²õ, to some extent

981 (52.8)

763 (49.3)

823 (44.9)

2567 (49.1)

 N´Ç

584 (31.5)

552 (35.7)

792 (43.3)

1928 (37.8)

  1. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P &±ô³Ù; 0.001