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Table 1 The mean of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) for each year in school children

From: Survey on pattern of myopia in school children in Hangzhou after the COVID-19 pandemic: a school-based vision screening study

Age, y

n

SER, mean(SEM)

Ìý
ÌýÌý

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

P value*

6

13,752

0.09(0.93)

-0.18(1.14)a

-0.10(1.11)a

0.12(0.98)

0.02(0.78)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

7

13,556

-0.30(1.18)

-0.49(1.34)a

-0.51(1.27)a

-0.19(1.14)a

-0.29(1.01)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

8

13,192

-0.64(1.28)

-0.86(1.45)a

-0.86(1.47)a

-0.49(1.31)a

-0.62(1.26)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

9

14,172

-0.82(1.35)

-1.18(1.54)a

-1.33(1.62)a

-0.82(1.59)

-1.00(1.50)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

10–11

12,547

-1.34(1.67)

-1.61(1.86)a

-1.63(1.82)a

-1.29(1.72)

-1.36(1.63)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

12–13

11,866

-1.70(1.78)

-2.05(1.98)a

-2.19(2.01)a

-1.54(1.88)

-1.77(1.85)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

  1. Abbreviation: SER Spherical equivalent refraction, SEM The mean of spherical equivalent refraction
  2. *Comparing the variance for SERs across 5Ìýyears within each age group using one-way analysis of variance
  3. a Significant difference when compared with 2019 (p &±ô³Ù; 0.01)