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Table 2 Association of social isolation and loneliness with incident cardiovascular disease (Page 12)

From: Psycho-social dimensions of cardiovascular risk: exploring the impact of social isolation and loneliness in middle-aged and older adults

听

Hazard ratios (95% CI)

听

Non-adjusted model

Model 1[[1]]

Model 2[[2]]

Model 3[[3]]

Model 4[[4]]

Social isolation

听听听听听

CVD

1.30(1.25鈥�1.36)

1.19(1.14鈥�1.24)

1.17(1.12鈥�1.22)

1.12(1.07鈥�1.17)

1.11(1.06鈥�1.16)

Stroke

1.26(1.18鈥�1.35)

1.17(1.09鈥�1.25)

1.15(1.07鈥�1.23)

1.13(1.05鈥�1.21)

1.11(1.03鈥�1.20)

Myocardial infarction

1.33(1.26鈥�1.40)

1.21(1.15鈥�1.28)

1.18(1.12鈥�1.25)

1.12(1.06鈥�1.18)

1.11(1.05鈥�1.18)

Loneliness

听听听听听

CVD

1.30(1.24鈥�1.36)

1.26(1.20鈥�1.33)

1.20(1.14鈥�1.27)

1.18(1.12鈥�1.25)

1.17(1.11鈥�1.23)

Stroke

1.23(1.13鈥�1.33)

1.22(1.12鈥�1.32)

1.18(1.09鈥�1.28)

1.17(1.07鈥�1.27)

1.15(1.05鈥�1.25)

Myocardial infarction

1.35(1.27鈥�1.43)

1.29(1.21鈥�1.37)

1.22(1.14鈥�1.30)

1.19(1.12鈥�1.27)

1.17(1.10鈥�1.25)

  1. [1] Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, Townsend deprivation index, BMI and month of assessment.
  2. [2] Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 criteria plus depression, loneliness or social isolation.
  3. [3] Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 criteria plus smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep duration, diet and salt.
  4. [4] Model 4 was adjusted for model 3 criteria plus family history of stroke, family history of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, use of diabetes medication, use of hypertension medication and use of hyperlipidemia medication.
  5. *Age, BMI, sleep duration, and Townsend deprivation index were continuous variables, while the remaining variables were classified according to the original form of the UK Biobank data.
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