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Age, mean (SD)^a

9.92 (0.82)

9.81 (0.84)

0.01

Gender ( \({\varvec{n}}\), %)^b

 Male

403 (53.7)

348 (53.8)

0.98

 Female

347 (46.3)

299 (46.2)

Ethnicity ( \({\varvec{n}}\), %)^b

 Malay

376 (68.7)

445 (70.6)

0.04

 Chinese

108 (19.7)

106 (16.8)

 Indian

50 (9.1)

47 (7.5)

 Other

13 (2.4)

32 (5.1)

Region ( \({\varvec{n}}\), %)^b

 Urban

508 (67.7)

357 (55.2)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Rural

242 (32.3)

290 (44.8)

Pubertal status ( \({\varvec{n}}\), %)^b

 Prepubertal

494 (66.1)

429 (66.6)

0.85

 Pubertal (Tanner stage ≥ 2)

253 (33.9)

215 (33.4)

 BMI \({\varvec{z}}\)-score, mean (SD)^a

2.30 (0.82)

2.27 (0.80)

0.51

 WC (cm), mean (SD)^a

75.66 (9.60)

74.40 (9.60)

0.02

 PBF (%), mean (SD)^a

38.09 (6.54)

37.50 (6.59)

0.08

 SMM (kg), mean (SD)^a

14.73 (2.92)

14.59 (2.91)

0.28

BMI \({\varvec{z}}\)-score status ( \({\varvec{n}}\), %)^b

 Overweight > + 1SD

288 (38.4)

265 (41.0)

0.62

 Obese > + 2SD

327 (43.6)

270 (41.7)

 Morbidly obese > + 3SD

135 (18.0)

112 (17.3)

Abdominal obesity ( \({\varvec{n}}\), %)^b

 WC < 90th centile

242 (32.5)

217 (33.9)

0.60

 WC > 90th centile

502 (67.5)

424 (66.1)