Association between perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate exposure and kidney stones prevalence in US adults: an analysis based on the national health and nutrition examination survey 2007鈥�2018

Table 3 Associations between PNT and KSD based on the outcome for KSD status

Character	Model 1 OR (95%CI)	Model 2 OR (95%CI)	Model 3 OR (95%CI)
Perchlorate
鈥僎1	Reference	Reference	Reference
鈥僎2	1.18(0.92,1.53)	1.08(0.84,1.39)	1.06(0.83,1.37)
鈥僎3	1.03(0.81,1.32)	0.87(0.67,1.12)	0.86(0.66,1.11)
鈥僎4	1.19(0.90,1.56)	1.03(0.79,1.35)	1.04(0.79,1.36)
鈥働 for trend	0.38	0.76	0.79
Nitrate	听	听	听
鈥僎1	Reference	Reference	Reference
鈥僎2	1.36(1.02,1.81)*	1.32(1.00,1.73)*	1.34(1.02,1.76)*
鈥僎3	1.40(1.03,1.90)*	1.38(1.02,1.88)*	1.43(1.06,1.93)*
鈥僎4	1.26(0.94,1.70)	1.29(0.96,1.74)*	1.34(1.00,1.81)*
鈥働 for trend	0.10	0.08	0.04
Thiocyanate	听	听	听
鈥僎1	Reference	Reference	Reference
鈥僎2	1.19(0.92,1.54)	1.13(0.86,1.47)	1.14(0.88,1.48)
鈥僎3	1.10(0.84,1.44)	1.03(0.79,1.36)	1.07(0.81,1.40)
鈥僎4	1.48(1.16,1.87)**	1.52(1.20,1.94)***	1.55(1.22,1.97)***
鈥働 for trend	0.01	0.004	0.002

^a Model outcome was KSD(binary: without KSD and with KSD). ***p鈥�<鈥�0.001 **p鈥�<鈥�0.01 and *p鈥�&濒迟;鈥�0.05.
^b Model 1: Only eGFR were adjusted.
^c Model 2:adjusted for eGFR, age, sex, race, marital status, annual household income, education, BMI, smoke, alcohol.user, recreational.activity and sitting time.
^d Model 3:adjusted for eGFR, age, sex, race, marital status, annual household income, education, BMI, smoke, alcohol.user, recreational.activity and sitting time and BMI, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.
^e Bolding indicates that the results are statistically significant

ISSN: 1471-2458