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TableÌý1 Differences in sample across frailty status on demographic variables

From: Behavioural and psychological factors associated with pre-frailty in community-dwelling adults aged 40 and over: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Total (n = 321)

Non-frail (n = 113)

Pre-frail (n = 191)

Frail (n = 17)

F-value a

P

Age [years] †

55.88 (10.55)

57.85* (10.58)

54.86* (10.36)

54.24 (11.10)

3.10

.046* (.019)a

BMI

27.65 (7.28)

25.64* Δ (5.17)

28.50* (7.90)

31.43 Δ (8.95)

8.23

 < .001*** (.049)

Highest Education Level‡

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

14.62

.012* (.23)

 Some high school

14 (4.40)

2 (1.77)

8 (4.19)

4 (23.53)

ÌýÌý

 Year 12 or equivalent

22 (6.90)

4 (3.54)

13 (6.81)

5 (6.81)

ÌýÌý

 Trade school (e.g. TAFE)

49 (15.30)

12 (10.62)

29 (15.18)

29 (15.18)

ÌýÌý

 Bachelor’s degree

144 (44.90)

55 (48.67)

86 (45.03)

86 (45.03)

ÌýÌý

 Master’s degree

71 (22.10)

28 (24.78)

86 (45.03)

41 (21.47)

ÌýÌý

 PhD or Higher

21 (6.50)

12 (10.78)

41 (21.47)

9 (4.71)

ÌýÌý

Functional Comorbidities Index

1.99 (1.94)

1.16* Δ (1.23)

2.24*Ó˦ (1.92)

4.82 ΔÓ˦ (2.65)

36.59

 < .001*** (.187)

  1. †Mean (SD)
  2. ‡ n (percent) (All categorical variables)
  3. aOne-way ANOVAs (η2)
  4. bChi-square test (χ2, Cramér’s V)
  5. Games-Howell post hoc significance indicated as follows: * non-frail vs. pre-frail, Δ non-frail vs. frail, and Ó˦ pre-frail vs. frail