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TableÌý3 Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and serum lipids (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention)

From: Impact of combined high-intensity bodyweight interval training and breathing exercise on cardiometabolic health in normal-weight middle-aged adults with hypertension

Intervention group

n

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MD (95% CI)

Baseline (pre-intervention)

Post-intervention

Within-group change

p-value

Change vs control group

p-value vs control group

6MWT (m)

 C°¿±·

24

280.4 ±â¶Ä‰55.2

300.8 ±â¶Ä‰58.7

-20.4 (-30.7, -10.1)

0.000†

-

-

 B·¡

21

286.7 ±â¶Ä‰54.6

337.1 ±â¶Ä‰54.1

-50.5 (-74.6, -26.4)

0.000†

21.3 (-21.9,64.5)

0.545

‽ö±õµþ±õ°Õ

20

298.5 ±â¶Ä‰72,4

310.0 ±â¶Ä‰60.9

-11.5 (-43.8, 20.8)

0.465

13.6 (-30.1, 57.4)

0.834

 C·¡

22

351.8 ±â¶Ä‰55.9

403.2 ±â¶Ä‰55.2

-51.4 (-66.7, -35.9)

0.000†

86.9 (44.2, 129.5)†

0.000†

Muscle strength (kg)

 C°¿±·

24

16.8 ±â¶Ä‰3.4

17.7 ±â¶Ä‰3.9

-0.9 (-1.4, -0.3)

0.003†

-

-

 B·¡

21

16.7 ±â¶Ä‰3.7

17.8 ±â¶Ä‰3.9

-1.0 (-1.6, -0.5)

0.001†

0 (-2.8,2.8)

1.000

‽ö±õµþ±õ°Õ

20

15.7 ±â¶Ä‰3.5

16.8 ±â¶Ä‰3.7

-1.1 (-1.9, -0.3)

0.007†

-1.0 (-3.8,1.8)

0.766

 C·¡

22

16.4 ±â¶Ä‰3.1

17.4 ±â¶Ä‰3.2

-1.0 (-1.9, 0.1)

0.064

-0.3 (-3.1, 2.4)

0.987

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

 C°¿±·

24

208.6 ±â¶Ä‰35.5

197.9 ±â¶Ä‰31.7

10.7 (0.6, 20.8)

0.039*

-

-

 B·¡

21

199.1 ±â¶Ä‰32.3

186.3 ±â¶Ä‰32.3

12.8 (5.4, 20.2)

0.002†

-10.5 (-31.9, 10.9)

0.547

‽ö±õµþ±õ°Õ

20

217.9 ±â¶Ä‰32.6

189.7 ±â¶Ä‰23.9

28.2 (14.7, 41.7)

0.021*

0.5 (-21.2, 22.3)

1.000

 C·¡

22

193.8 ±â¶Ä‰15.9

171.0 ±â¶Ä‰17.6

22.8 (16.1, 29.5)

0.000†

-20.8 (-41.9, 0.4)*

0.046*

LDL (mg/dL)

 C°¿±·

24

144.7 ±â¶Ä‰31.0

137.5 ±â¶Ä‰28.6

7.2 (1.2, 13.2)

0.021*

-

-

 B·¡

21

131.1 ±â¶Ä‰26.5

117.9 ±â¶Ä‰24,8

13.3 (6.4, 20.2)

0.001†

-16.6 (-34.3, 1.2)

0.064

‽ö±õµþ±õ°Õ

20

146.4 ±â¶Ä‰24.4

116.3 ±â¶Ä‰16.5

30.1 (19.5, 40.7)

0.000†

-9.7 (-27.7, 8.3)

0.466

 C·¡

22

133.5 ±â¶Ä‰15.5

108.5 ±â¶Ä‰12.4

25.0 (18.5, 31.6)

0.000†

-20.1 (-37.6, -2.5)*

0.014*

HDL (mg/dL)

 C°¿±·

24

72.5 ±â¶Ä‰10.8

79.3 ±â¶Ä‰9.7

-6.8 (-9.6, -3.9)

0.000†

-

-

 B·¡

21

69.0 ±â¶Ä‰9.1

75.5 ±â¶Ä‰8.7

-6.5 (-10.2, -2.7)

0.002†

-3.7 (-10.2, 2.9)

0.438

‽ö±õµþ±õ°Õ

20

71.6 ±â¶Ä‰9.1

78.3 ±â¶Ä‰7.2

-6.8 (-10.2, -3.3)

0.001†

-0.9 (-7.6, 5.7)

0.980

 C·¡

22

66.1 ±â¶Ä‰7.5

77.1 ±â¶Ä‰7.3

-10.9 (-13.3, -8.5)

0.000†

-4.3 (-10.7, 2.2)

0.286

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

 C°¿±·

24

217.3 ±â¶Ä‰66.2

197.9 ±â¶Ä‰53.5

19.5 (9.3, 29.7)

0.001†

-

-

 B·¡

21

180.1 ±â¶Ä‰57.6

162.9 ±â¶Ä‰42.9

17.1 (5.1, 29.2)

0.007†

-36.1 (-78.3, 6.1)

0.104

‽ö±õµþ±õ°Õ

20

211.2 ±â¶Ä‰66.4

181.9 ±â¶Ä‰56.3

29.4 (19.8, 38.9)

0.000†

-11.1 (-53.8, 31.7)

0.897

 C·¡

22

178.0 ±â¶Ä‰40.5

156.4 ±â¶Ä‰36.6

21.5 (12.2, 30.8)

0.000†

-40.4 (-82.1, 1.3)*

0.04*

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  1. All data presented as mean ± Standard deviation and adjusted for age, sex, and baseline value of each outcome measure
  2. 6MWT Six minutes walking test, LDL Low density lipoprotein, HDL High low density, CON Control group, BE Breathing exercise group, HIBIT High intensity Body weight interval training group, CE Combine group
  3. *The mean difference is significant at the .05 level (p &±ô³Ù; 0.05), † p < 0.01 vs. control group