Table 2 Bivariate and multivariate analyses of pregnancy loss predictors among urban women
From: Predictors of pregnancy loss among urban and rural women aged 15 to 49 years in Pakistan
Independent Variables | Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Community Level Factors | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Region of residence (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥働unjab (n鈥�=鈥�1872) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僑indh (n鈥�=鈥�1187) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.13) | 0.867 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.758 |
鈥僈hyber Pakhtunkhwa (n鈥�=鈥�1126) | 0.88 (0.76, 1.02) | 0.081 | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) | 0.061 |
鈥傿alochistan (n鈥�=鈥�739) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.558 | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 0.676 |
鈥僄ilgit-Baltistan (n鈥�=鈥�286) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.32) | 0.711 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.23) | 0.795 |
鈥傾zad Jammu and Kashmir (n鈥�=鈥�681) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.06) | 0.187 | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.103 |
Socioeconomic Factors | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Wealth index (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僉owest (n鈥�=鈥�289) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僑econd (n鈥�=鈥�688) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.51) | 0.116 | 1.24 (0.97, 1.57) | 0.086 |
鈥僊iddle (n鈥�=鈥�1335) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 0.558 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) | 0.396 |
鈥僃ourth (n鈥�=鈥�1587) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) | 0.574 | 0.98 (0.75, 1.27) | 0.871 |
鈥僅ighest (n鈥�=鈥�1992) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.10) | 0.266 | 0.91 (0.69, 1.20) | 0.491 |
Maternal education level (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僋o education (n鈥�=鈥�2235) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僉ess than 9 years (n鈥�=鈥�1576) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.18) | 0.263 | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | 0.004 |
鈥�9鈥�12 years (n鈥�=鈥�1349) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.004 | 1.00 (0.88, 1.14) | 0.988 |
鈥�13 years or more (n鈥�=鈥�731) | 0.72 (0.62, 0.84) | &濒迟;鈥�0.001 | 0.88 (0.74, 1.04) | 0.125 |
Maternal Factors | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Maternal age (years) (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.03) | &濒迟;鈥�0.001 | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | &濒迟;鈥�0.001 |
Currently married (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僘es (n鈥�=鈥�5649) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僋o (n鈥�=鈥�242) | 0.72 (0.57, 0.91) | 0.007 | 0.62 (0.49, 0.78) | &濒迟;鈥�0.001 |
Environmental Factors | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Drinking water source (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僆mproved (n鈥�=鈥�5739) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僓nimproved (n鈥�=鈥�152) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 0.628 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.506 |
Type of cooking fuel (n鈥�=鈥�5887) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僀lean fuel (n鈥�=鈥�4352) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僑olid fuel (n鈥�=鈥�1535) | 1.11 (1.01, 1.24) | 0.04 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.506 |
Type of sanitation facility (n鈥�=鈥�5891) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僆mproved (n鈥�=鈥�5488) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
鈥僓nimproved (n鈥�=鈥�284) | 1.41 (1.17, 1.70) | &濒迟;鈥�0.001 | 1.35 (1.11, 1.64) | 0.002 |
鈥僌pen defecation (n鈥�=鈥�119) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) | 0.484 | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | 0.564 |
lnalpha | 听 | 听 | -0.21 (-0.37, -0.06) | 听 |
alpha | 听 | 听 | 0.81 (0.69, 0.94) | 听 |
Random Effect (Random Intercept) | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Group variable: Clusters | 听 | 听 | 0.09 (0.06, 0.15) | 听 |