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Table 2 Sociodemographic and health characteristics of participants at baseline (N = 30)

From: A protection motivation theory-guided telehealth coaching program for middle-aged adults with cardiometabolic risk: A feasibility trial

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All

(N = 30)

Completers

(n = 20)

Non-completers

(n = 10)

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n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-valuea

Age (years), mean ± SD (range)

51.8 ±â¶Ä‰6.3

(41–62)

54.0 ±â¶Ä‰5.6

(41–62)

47.7 ±â¶Ä‰5.6

(41–57)

0.011

Sex

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0.384b

Female

8 (26.7%)

4 (20.0%)

4 (40.0%)

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Male

22 (73.3%)

16 (80%)

6 (60%)

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Marital status

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0.002b

Single/divorced/widowed

5 (16.7%)

0 (0%)

5 (50.0%)

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Married

25 (83.3%)

20 (100%)

5 (50.0%)

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Education level

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1.000b

Secondary

2 (6.7%)

1 (5.0%)

1 (10.0%)

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High school

10 (33.3%)

7 (35.0%)

3 (30.0%)

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Tertiary

18 (60.0%)

12 (60.0%)

6 (60.0%)

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Work status

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0.675b

Unemployed

9 (30.0%)

7 (35.0%)

2 (20.0%)

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Employed

21 (70.0%)

13 (65.0%)

8 (80.0%)

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Living alone

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0.103b

No

28 (93.3%)

20 (100%)

8 (80.0%)

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Yes

2 (6.7%)

0 (0%)

2 (20.0%)

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Smoking habit

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0.551b

Current smoker

5 (16.7%)

3 (15.0%)

2 (20.0%)

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Former smoker

7 (23.3%)

6 (30.0%)

1 (10.0%)

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Never

18 (60.0%)

11 (55.0%)

7 (70.0%)

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Habit of self-monitoring BP

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1.0b

No

23 (76.7%)

15 (75.0%)

8 (80.0%)

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Yes

7 (23.3%)

5 (25.0%)

2 (20.0%)

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Habit of regular health check

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1.0b

No

29 (96.7%)

19 (95.0%)

10 (100%)

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Yes

1 (3.3%)

1 (5.0%)

0 (0%)

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IHRS score, mean ± SD

19.0 ±â¶Ä‰2.7

19.0 ±â¶Ä‰2.8

19.1 ±â¶Ä‰2.4

0.650

HPLP II score, mean ± SD

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Health responsibility

1.9 ±â¶Ä‰0.4

1.8 ±â¶Ä‰0.4

1.9 ±â¶Ä‰0.4

0.948

Nutrition

2.2 ±â¶Ä‰0.3

2.2 ±â¶Ä‰0.3

2.2 ±â¶Ä‰0.3

0.846

Exercise

1.7 ±â¶Ä‰0.5

1.8 ±â¶Ä‰0.6

1.6 ±â¶Ä‰0.2

0.846

Stress

2.2 ±â¶Ä‰0.5

2.3 ±â¶Ä‰0.5

2.0 ±â¶Ä‰0.3

0.155

Self-efficacy scale score, mean ± SD

3.4 ±â¶Ä‰0.8

3.6 ±â¶Ä‰0.8

2.8 ±â¶Ä‰0.4

0.006

DASS score, mean ± SD

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

Depression

8.2 ±â¶Ä‰6.3

7.0 ±â¶Ä‰4.9

10.6 ±â¶Ä‰8.1

0.373

Anxiety

8.7 ±â¶Ä‰5.3

6.8 ±â¶Ä‰5.1

12.4 ±â¶Ä‰3.2

0.005

Stress

13.7 ±â¶Ä‰7.3

10.6 ±â¶Ä‰5.3

20.0 ±â¶Ä‰6.9

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

PSQI score, mean ± SD

8.0 ±â¶Ä‰3.1

8.0 ±â¶Ä‰3.2

8.0 ±â¶Ä‰3.1

0.746

IPAQ-C category

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1.000b

Inactive

13 (43.3%)

9 (45.0%)

4 (40.0%)

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Minimally active

8 (26.7%)

5 (25.0%)

3 (30.0%)

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Active

9 (30.0%)

6 (30.0%)

3 (30.0%)

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ARIA, mean ± SD

0.4 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.4 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.4 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.588

BMI (kg/m2)

25.2 ±â¶Ä‰3.5

(17.7–33.1)

25.6 ±â¶Ä‰2.6

(21.1–33.1)

24.3 ±â¶Ä‰4.8

(17.7–32.7)

0.448

BMI category

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0.022b

Underweight (BMI < 18.5)

1 (3.3%)

0 (0%)

1 (10.0%)

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Normal (BMI 18.5–22.9)

4 (13.3%)

1 (5.0%)

3 (30.0%)

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Overweight (BMI 23.0–24.9)

11 (36.7%)

10 (50.0%)

1 (10.0%)

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Obese (BMI ≥ 25.0)

14 (46.7%)

9 (45.0%)

5 (50.0%)

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WHR

0.9 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.9 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.9 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.779

Central obesity

20 (66.7%)

14 (70.0%)

6 (60.0%)

0.690b

SBP (mmHg)

127.7 ±â¶Ä‰21.2

132.9 ±â¶Ä‰15.0

117.3 ±â¶Ä‰28.1

0.143

DBP (mmHg)

75.0 ±â¶Ä‰14.6

74.9 ±â¶Ä‰15.8

75.3 ±â¶Ä‰12.6

0.880

Pulse rate (bests per minute)

71.6 ±â¶Ä‰10.7

73.0 ±â¶Ä‰10.5

68.8 ±â¶Ä‰11.2

0.307

Point-of-care test

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Glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 ±â¶Ä‰1.1

6.1 ±â¶Ä‰1.2

5.1 ±â¶Ä‰0.3

0.013

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.3 ±â¶Ä‰0.8

5.1 ±â¶Ä‰0.6

5.7 ±â¶Ä‰1.1

0.307

Urate (mmol/L)

0.4 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.3 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.4 ±â¶Ä‰0.1

0.082

  1. Notes: aMann–Whitney U test, unless specified; bFisher’s exact test; n (%), number (percentage); SD, standard deviation; ARIA, Automatic Retinal Image Analysis; BMI, body mass index; BP, Blood pressure; DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HPLP II, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II; IHRS, INTERHEART risk score; IPAQ-C, International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Chinese; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SBP, systolic blood pressure; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio
  2. Central obesity is defined as a waist-to-hip ratio > 0.85 and > 0.90 for women and men, respectively