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Forest plot of HDL cholesterol ≥ 80 mg/dL compared with reference HDL cholesterol 40–60 mg/dL. Model was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting status, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, heart failure, COPD, cancer, chronic renal disease, aspirin and statin use. Not adjusted for stratified variables. ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, includes coronary artery disease and stroke. HDL, high-density lipoprotein. BMI, body mass index. LDL, low-density lipoprotein. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease