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1

Bride price payment

Shona culture, Zimbabwe (47, 48)

Upon marriage a man is expected to show love and respect by making marriage payments for the woman he wants to marry

Has all of the bride price been paid for, or does some part still remain to be paid? Responses: All paid = 1, Partially paid = 2, None paid = 3

2

Preparation items

Shona culture, Zimbabwe

A local custom expects a man to purchase baby delivery items and clothes. A sign of care, love & parenting

Did the father of this child buy ‘preparation’ for your baby? Yes = 1 No = 2

3

Refusal of parenting responsibility & pregnancy support

Study-defined based on literature (40, 41).

Father of the baby (partner) refused to take responsibility for and support the pregnancy; Y/N

Has your husband/ partner ever refused responsibility for your most recent pregnancy or to look after the child? Yes = 1 No = 2

4

Intimate partner violence (IPV)

Conflict Tactics scale (42), WHO scale (38, 39)

Any act of physical, sexual or emotional violence; 13 items

Did your husband/partner physically force you to have sexual intercourse when you did not want to in the last 12 months? Yes = 1 No = 2

5

Partner’s controlling behaviours

WHO scale (38)

At least 3 of the 6 measures of partner controlling behaviours

Thinking about your (current or most recent) husband/partner, would you say it is generally true that he is often suspicious that you are unfaithful Yes = 1 No = 2

6

Low birth weight

Clinic records (WHO, 2005)

Baby weight lower than 2500 g at birth

Abstracted birth weight from clinic records

7

Postnatal depression symptomatology

WHO version of the CES-D (38, 39)

A scale validated in Zimbabwe and other African settings; 20 items

Referring to the last 4 weeks, do you often have headaches? Yes = 1 No = 2

8

Suicide thoughts

WHO scale (38, 39)

Described as ever had thoughts to kill oneself

Referring to the last 4 weeks, has the thought of ending your life been on your mind? Yes = 1 No = 2