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Table 3 Prevalence of hesitancy in European parents and determinants for hesitancy

From: Exploring reported causes of vaccine hesitancy among European adolescents and parents: results of a citizen science project

Variable

Hesitancy

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Ìý

% (n/N)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

aOR (95% CI)

p-value

Gender

Female

20.1 (117/582)

reference group

-

reference group

-

Male

20.7 (114/551)

1.04 (0.78, 1.38)

0.83

1.11 (0.82, 1.50)

0.49

Ìý

Non-binary*

50.0 (1/2)

-

-

-

-

Age (years)**

ÌýÌý

0.97 (0.96, 1.00)

0.02

0.97 (0.95, 0.99)

0.01

Country

Spain

11.1 (29/262)

reference group

-

reference group

-

Portugal

22.0 (64/291)

2.26 (1.41, 3.68)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

1.72 (1.01, 2.93)

&±ô³Ù; 0.05

Ìý

Italy

22.6 (66/292)

2.34 (1.47, 3.80)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

2.51 (1.52, 4.14)

<0.001

Poland

25.2 (73/290)

2.69 (1.70, 4.36)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

2.63 (1.59, 4.34)

<0.001

Educational level

High school

21.2 (68/321)

reference group

-

reference group

-

PhD

19.4 (7/36)

0.91 (0.35, 2.08)

1

0.95 (0.40, 2.35)

0.95

²Ñ²¹²õ³Ù±ð°ù’s

18.1 (34/188)

0.82 (0.52, 1.29)

0.42

0.81 (0.50, 1.29)

0.37

University Degree

16.7 (45/269)

0.75 (0.49, 1,.13)

0.17

0.88 (0.56, 1.39)

0.59

Vocational training

28.0 (7/25)

1.46 (0.54, 3.54)

0.45

1.23 (0.47, 3.19)

0.67

Ìý

Secondary school

26.7 (59/221)

1.35 (0.91, 2.02)

0.15

1.65 (0.99, 2.78)

0.06

Ìý

Primary school

16.0 (12/75)

0.72 (0.35, 1.36)

0.34

0.93 (0.45, 1.92)

0.84

Number of children

1

19.6 (79/402)

reference group

-

reference group

-

2

20.2 (117/580)

1.03 (0.75, 1.42)

0.87

0.61 (0.78, 1.51)

0.61

3

23.1 (31/134)

1.23 (0.76, 1.96)

0.39

1.11 (0.68, 1.80)

0.67

4

31.2 (5/16)

1.89 (0.57, 5.47)

0.34

1.65 (0.52, 5.22)

0.4

5 or more

0.0 (0/3)

-

-

-

-

  1. Prevalence of hesitancy (PACV scoring ≥ 50) in percentage (%) and number (n)/denominator (N), and results of the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showing Odds Ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (aOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). *non-binary gender was not assessed in the logistic regression analysis due to the small sample size (N = 2). ** Age was treated as a continue variable in the logistic regression analyses