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The joint effects of the new variables on PTB within 1,000 m in four periods. Models were constructed by green index (NDVI or FVC), PM pollutants (PM_2.5 or PM₁₀), and adjusted the influences of maternal age, neonate’s sex, gravidity, parity, birthing season and temperature. high NDVI: NDVI ≥ \(\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{\text{N}\text{D}\text{V}\text{I}}}\), and low NDVI: NDVI < \(\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{\text{N}\text{D}\text{V}\text{I}}}\); high FVC: FVC ≥\(\:\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{\text{F}\text{V}\text{C}}}\), and low FVC: FVC <\(\:\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{\text{F}\text{V}\text{C}}}\); high PM2.5: PM_2.5 ≥ \(\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{{\text{P}\text{M}}_{2.5}}}\), and low PM2.5: PM_2.5 < \(\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{{\text{P}\text{M}}_{2.5}}}\); high PM10: PM₁₀ ≥ \(\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{{\text{P}\text{M}}_{10}}}\), and low PM10: PM₁₀< \(\:{\text{P}}_{{50}_{{\text{P}\text{M}}_{10}}}\)