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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

From: Long-term exposure to residential greenness and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in China

Characteristic

Total (N = 22,702)

NDVI500 m

P value

Low

(N = 7458)

Medium

(N = 7712)

High

(N = 7532)

Socio-demographics

 Age, years

56.1 ± 13.1

55.7 ± 13.3

55.3 ± 12.7

57.4 ± 13.2

 &±ô³Ù;.001

Gender, %

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.558

 M²¹±ô±ð

10,505 (46.3)

3489 (46.8)

3546 (46.0)

3470 (46.1)

Ìý

 F±ð³¾²¹±ô±ð

12,197 (53.7)

3969 (53.2)

4166 (54.0)

4062 (53.9)

Ìý

Educational level, %

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 Elementary middle School or lower

11,593 (51.1)

2537 (34.0)

4246 (55.1)

4810 (63.9)

Ìý

 High school or above

11,109 (48.9)

4921 (66.0)

3466 (44.9)

2722 (36.1)

Ìý

Residence, %

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 U°ù²ú²¹²Ô

10,130 (44.6)

5300 (71.1)

2556 (33.1)

2274 (30.2)

Ìý

 R³Ü°ù²¹±ô

12,572 (55.4)

2158 (28.9)

5156 (66.9)

5258 (69.8)

Ìý

Region, %

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 E²¹²õ³Ù

9263 (40.8)

3149 (42.2)

3313 (43.0)

2801 (37.2)

Ìý

 C±ð²Ô³Ù°ù²¹±ô

9460 (41.7)

2322 (31.1)

3426 (44.4)

3712 (49.3)

Ìý

 W±ð²õ³Ù

3979 (17.5)

1987 (26.6)

973 (12.6)

1019 (13.5)

Ìý

Lifestyle behaviors

 Consumption of Alcohol, %

6318 (27.8)

2081 (27.9)

2123 (27.5)

2114 (28.1)

0.749

Smoking types, %

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 C³Ü°ù°ù±ð²Ô³Ù

5731 (25.2)

1599 (21.4)

2068 (26.8)

2064 (27.4)

Ìý

 F´Ç°ù³¾±ð°ù

1216 (5.4)

379 (5.1)

448 (5.8)

389 (5.2)

Ìý

 N±ð±¹±ð°ù

15,755 (69.4)

5480 (73.5)

5196 (67.4)

5079 (67.4)

Ìý

Mediators

 Low physical activity (< 600 METs/week)

4860 (21.4)

1951 (26.2)

1338 (17.3)

1571 (20.9)

 &±ô³Ù;.001

‽ö²â±è±ð°ù³Ù±ð²Ô²õ¾±´Ç²Ô

8957 (39.5)

3037 (40.7)

2931 (38.0)

2989 (39.7)

0.003

 Diabetes Mellitus

2286 (10.1)

908 (12.2)

707 (9.2)

671 (8.9)

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 BMI, Kg/m2

24.5 ± 3.5

25.0 ± 3.5

24.4 ± 3.5

24.1 ± 3.4

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.4 ± 1.0

1.5 ± 1.0

1.5 ± 1.0

1.4 ± 1.0

Ìý

Cholesterol, mmol/L

 T´Ç³Ù²¹±ô

4.8 ± 1.0

4.7 ± 1.0

4.8 ± 1.0

4.8 ± 1.0

 &±ô³Ù;.001

‽ö¶Ù³¢-°ä

1.4 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.4

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 L¶Ù³¢-°ä

2.8 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.8

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 FPG, mmol/L

5.6 ± 1.5

5.6 ± 1.7

5.6 ± 1.4

5.5 ± 1.4

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 P²Ñ2.5, μg/m3

53.4 ± 13.2

54.0 ± 12.7

50.8 ± 12.7

55.3 ± 13.8

 &±ô³Ù;.001

 GDP per capita, yuan

65,339.0 ± 36,929.8

70,443.6 ± 43,915.4

66,955.6 ± 36,939.3

58,629.2 ± 27,032.1

 &±ô³Ù;.001

  1. NDVI normalized difference vegetation index, BMI body mass index, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, MET metabolic equivalent tasks, PM particulate matter, GDP gross domestic product