Long-term exposure to residential greenness and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in China

Cao, Xue; Tuerdi, Nuerguli; Tang, Haosu; Zhang, Yujie; Wang, Xin; Zheng, Congyi; Tian, Yixin; Yu, Xue; Pei, Xuyan; Huang, Gang; Wang, Zengwu

doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22899-7

Table 2 Hazard ratio for CVD and all-cause mortality associated with residential greenness

From: Long-term exposure to residential greenness and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in China

听		CVD		CHD		Stroke		All-cause mortality
Exposure	听	Incidence/1000 person-years	HR (95%CI)	Incidence/1000 person-years	HR (95%CI)	Incidence/1000 person-years	HR (95%CI)	Incidence/1000 person-years	HR (95%CI)
NDVI_{300 m}	Low	10.39	[Reference]	3.91	[Reference]	5.40	[Reference]	9.92	[Reference]
	Medium	9.00	0.79(0.66鈥�0.93)	1.88	0.45(0.32鈥�0.62)	6.20	1.02(0.81鈥�1.27)	10.35	0.97(0.82鈥�1.15)
	High	9.12	0.70(0.59鈥�0.84)	2.84	0.60(0.44鈥�0.81)	5.33	0.77(0.61鈥�0.98)	12.09	0.88(0.74鈥�1.04)
	Per tertile increment^a	9.45	0.84(0.77鈥�0.92)	2.86	0.79(0.67鈥�0.92)	5.64	0.87(0.77鈥�0.98)	10.81	0.93(0.86鈥�1.01)
	P for trend	听	鈥�&濒迟;.001	听	0.002	听	0.020	听	0.100
NDVI_{500 m}	Low	10.02	[Reference]	3.70	[Reference]	5.20	[Reference]	9.73	[Reference]
	Medium	9.51	0.89(0.76鈥�1.06)	2.07	0.55(0.40鈥�0.75)	6.62	1.15(0.92鈥�1.43)	10.92	1.05(0.89鈥�1.25)
	High	8.84	0.74(0.62鈥�0.89)	2.85	0.67(0.49鈥�0.90)	5.06	0.80(0.63鈥�1.02)	11.76	0.90(0.76鈥�1.07)
	Per tertile increment^a	听	0.86(0.79鈥�0.94)	听	0.83(0.70鈥�0.97)	听	0.88(0.79鈥�0.99)	听	0.94(0.86鈥�1.02)
	P for trend	听	鈥�&濒迟;.001	听	0.016	听	0.038	听	0.125
NDVI_{1000 m}	Low	9.97	[Reference]	3.63	[Reference]	5.24	[Reference]	9.68	[Reference]
	Medium	9.30	0.83(0.70鈥�0.98)	1.93	0.50(0.36鈥�0.68)	6.53	1.05(0.84鈥�1.30)	10.73	1.01(0.86鈥�1.20)
	High	9.10	0.80(0.66鈥�0.96)	3.17	0.79(0.58鈥�1.08)	5.00	0.82(0.64鈥�1.04)	12.07	0.94(0.79鈥�1.12)
	Per tertile increment^a	听	0.90(0.82鈥�0.98)	听	0.91(0.77鈥�1.07)	听	0.90(0.80鈥�1.01)	听	0.97(0.89鈥�1.05)
	P for trend	听	0.017	听	0.217	听	0.077	听	0.426

Notes: All models were adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, urbanization and geographical region, smoking, educational level, family history of CVD, CVD medication history, and per capita GDP
Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CVD cardiovascular disease, NDVI normalized difference vegetation index, CHD coronary heart disease, HR hazard ratio, CI confidential interval
^aNDVI level per tertile increment

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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Table 2 Hazard ratio for CVD and all-cause mortality associated with residential greenness

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