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Table 4 Odds ratios for more severe acute first infection symptoms among adults with a self-reported confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection while adjusting for duration of pre-existing chronic conditions, Canada, January 2020 to August 2022 (n = 8991)

From: Association between pre-existing chronic conditions and severity of first SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms among adults living in Canada: a population-based survey analysis from January 2020 to August 2022

Characteristics

uOR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

p value*

Pre-existing chronic conditions

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

 chronic lung disease

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.038

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.94

(1.12, 3.38)

1.54

(0.82, 2.88)

0.181

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

3.01

(1.82, 4.99)

1.91

(1.08, 3.38)

0.027

sleep apnea

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.196

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.46

(1.16, 1.84)

1.27

(0.98, 1.65)

0.072

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.31

(0.86, 2.00)

1.00

(0.63, 1.58)

0.992

asthma

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.280

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.86

(1.13, 3.05)

1.29

(0.77, 2.16)

0.339

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.56

(1.24, 1.96)

1.17

(0.92, 1.49)

0.196

chronic heart disease

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.305

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.33

(0.84, 2.11)

1.04

(0.62, 1.73)

0.888

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

0.98

(0.60, 1.60)

0.68

(0.41, 1.12)

0.132

diabetes

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.392

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.24

(0.83, 1.85)

0.98

(0.64, 1.50)

0.920

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

0.94

(0.65, 1.36)

0.75

(0.50, 1.13)

0.172

chronic kidney disease

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.990

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.25

(0.65, 2.43)

1.06

(0.48, 2.30)

0.893

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

0.97

(0.50, 1.91)

0.98

(0.40, 2.43)

0.967

high blood pressure

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.007

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.45

(1.16, 1.80)

1.32

(1.05, 1.67)

0.018

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.27

(1.03, 1.57)

1.35

(1.06, 1.71)

0.016

chronic blood disorder

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.416

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.75

(0.57, 5.36)

0.94

(0.26, 3.45)

0.928

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

0.91

(0.36, 2.33)

0.50

(0.18, 1.41)

0.187

osteoporosis

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.029

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.46

(0.85, 2.50)

0.67

(0.39, 1.15)

0.144

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

0.81

(0.45, 1.47)

0.48

(0.26, 0.89)

0.021

back problems

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.246

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.37

(1.02, 1.83)

0.99

(0.72, 1.37)

0.951

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.86

(1.50, 2.30)

1.23

(0.96, 1.56)

0.097

urinary incontinence

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.356

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.55

(1.06, 2.26)

1.06

(0.70, 1.60)

0.792

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

0.94

(0.50, 1.79)

0.61

(0.31, 1.21)

0.157

bowel disorder

ÌýÌý

-

-

-

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.43

(1.02, 2.00)

Interaction

-

-

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

2.05

(1.32, 3.16)

Interaction

-

-

weakened immune system

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.037

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

2.03

(1.37, 2.99)

1.43

(0.93, 2.21)

0.105

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

2.96

(1.93, 4.55)

1.57

(1.03, 2.38)

0.034

chronic neurological disorder

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.732

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.45

(0.75, 2.81)

0.82

(0.44, 1.49)

0.507

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

2.02

(1.09, 3.76)

1.16

(0.57, 2.34)

0.689

chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.020

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

4.09

(2.28, 7.35)

2.13

(1.10, 4.12)

0.024

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

5.05

(2.83, 8.98)

1.83

(0.98, 3.42)

0.058

stroke

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.858

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

0.97

(0.49, 1.94)

0.82

(0.35, 1.91)

0.643

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.32

(0.36, 4.82)

0.81

(0.21, 3.13)

0.763

mental health condition

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.276

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.44

(1.12, 1.86)

1.02

(0.79, 1.33)

0.857

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.90

(1.56, 2.31)

1.20

(0.96, 1.50)

0.109

arthritis

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.156

 diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

1.69

(1.32, 2.17)

1.22

(0.91, 1.64)

0.180

 diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

1.70

(1.40, 2.08)

1.22

(0.96, 1.55)

0.097

Age at infection (ref = 15–34)

-

-

-

-

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 35–49

1.02

(0.90, 1.16)

1.04

(0.91, 1.19)

0.568

 50–64

1.10

(0.96, 1.26)

0.94

(0.81, 1.10)

0.429

 65+

0.87

(0.74, 1.02)

0.68

(0.55, 0.83)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

Sex (ref = male)

-

-

-

-

-

 f±ð³¾²¹±ô±ð

1.44

(1.29, 1.60)

Interaction

-

-

Ethnicity (ref = white)

-

-

-

-

0.016

 I²Ô»å¾±²µ±ð²Ô´Ç³Ü²õ

1.26

(0.97, 1.64)

1.13

(0.85, 1.50)

0.409

 South Asian

0.97

(0.71, 1.32)

0.93

(0.66, 1.30)

0.653

 East/Southeast Asian

0.64

(0.51, 0.80)

0.62

(0.48, 0.79)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 B±ô²¹³¦°ì

0.90

(0.57, 1.44)

0.81

(0.50, 1.33)

0.411

 Arab/West Asian

0.73

(0.48, 1.10)

0.72

(0.46, 1.13)

0.152

 Latin American

0.87

(0.56, 1.34)

0.87

(0.57, 1.34)

0.535

 M¾±³æ±ð»å/°¿³Ù³ó±ð°ù

1.09

(0.80, 1.47)

1.10

(0.80, 1.52)

0.554

Ethno-cultural composition (ref = first quintile)a

-

-

-

-

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 s±ð³¦´Ç²Ô»å

1.27

(1.07, 1.51)

1.23

(1.02, 1.49)

0.029

 t³ó¾±°ù»å

1.21

(1.03, 1.42)

1.19

(1.00, 1.42)

0.051

 f´Ç³Ü°ù³Ù³ó

1.40

(1.19, 1.64)

1.43

(1.20, 1.71)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 fifth (highest)

1.20

(0.99, 1.44)

1.41

(1.15, 1.73)

0.001

 u²Ô°ì²Ô´Ç·É²Ô

1.37

(1.11, 1.70)

1.46

(1.13, 1.88)

0.004

Situational vulnerability (ref = first quintile)b

-

-

-

-

0.001

 s±ð³¦´Ç²Ô»å

0.96

(0.82, 1.13)

0.98

(0.83, 1.17)

0.825

 t³ó¾±°ù»å

1.02

(0.87, 1.19)

0.95

(0.80, 1.12)

0.51

 f´Ç³Ü°ù³Ù³ó

1.06

(0.90, 1.25)

1.00

(0.84, 1.20)

0.996

 fifth (highest)

0.78

(0.65, 0.93)

0.68

(0.56, 0.83)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 u²Ô°ì²Ô´Ç·É²Ôc

1.09

(0.89, 1.33)

-

-

-

Pre-existing chronic health symptoms

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

 loss of appetite

3.08

(1.94, 4.89)

1.96

(1.21, 3.17)

0.006

Number of pre-existing chronic health symptoms (ref = 0)

-

-

-

-

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 1 or 2

1.29

(1.13, 1.47)

1.23

(1.08, 1.41)

0.003

 3

1.74

(1.43, 2.11)

1.68

(1.36, 2.07)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 &²µ³Ù; 3

2.21

(1.92, 2.54)

1.66

(1.38, 1.99)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

Months since last vaccine dose prior to the month of infection (ref = 3 months or less)

-

-

-

-

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 not vaccinated

1.95

(1.66, 2.29)

1.47

(1.13, 1.93)

0.005

 4–6 months

1.23

(1.08, 1.40)

1.32

(1.16, 1.51)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 > 6 months

1.22

(1.02, 1.46)

1.28

(1.06, 1.54)

0.009

 u²Ô°ì²Ô´Ç·É²Ô

1.11

(0.76, 1.61)

1.11

(0.77, 1.62)

0.571

Time period of first infection (ref = pre-omicron)

-

-

-

-

0.007

 Omicron (December 1, 2021 – date of electronic questionnaire completion)

0.57

(0.50, 0.66)

0.67

(0.52, 0.86)

0.002

 u²Ô°ì²Ô´Ç·É²Ô

1.14

(0.42, 3.11)

1.30

(0.04, 47.38)

0.885

Household member testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (ref = no)

-

-

-

-

0.001

 y±ð²õ

0.76

(0.68, 0.85)

0.84

(0.75, 0.95)

0.005

 u²Ô°ì²Ô´Ç·É²Ô

1.42

(0.73, 2.77)

1.79

(0.91, 3.52)

0.094

Interaction between sex and bowel disorder

-

-

-

-

0.043

 Male (ref = no bowel disorder)

-

-

-

-

-

 bowel disorder diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

-

-

1.06

(0.60, 1.88)

0.840

 bowel disorder diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

-

-

0.55

(0.24, 1.28)

0.166

 Female (ref = no bowel disorder)

-

-

-

-

-

 bowel disorder diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection

-

-

0.87

(0.55, 1.39)

0.567

 bowel disorder diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection

-

-

1.78

(1.15, 2.74)

0.009

 Female no bowel disorder (ref = male no bowel disorder)

-

-

1.29

(1.14, 1.45)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Female bowel disorder diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection (ref = male bowel disorder diagnosed less than 10 years prior to infection)

-

-

1.06

(0.51, 2.18)

0.881

 Female bowel disorder diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection (ref = male bowel disorder diagnosed 10 or more years prior to infection)

-

-

4.16

(1.62, 10.68)

0.003

  1. Notes: Estimates for Canada exclude the territories. All estimates are weighted. The reference category for a pre-existing chronic condition or symptom are adults without the chronic condition or symptom, respectively
  2. Abbreviations: aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, n = unweighted number of respondents included in the final model, ref = reference, uOR = unadjusted odds ratio
  3. *p value is only for the fully adjusted model
  4. a Ethno-cultural composition quantifies a neighbourhood’s makeup of immigrant populations
  5. b Situational vulnerability quantifies a neighbourhood’s education level, Indigenous composition, and extent of dwellings in need of major repairs
  6. c For the dimensions of deprivation, values for an individual were either known or unknown for all dimensions. Consequently, the parameter for unknown situational vulnerability has a value of 0 in the final adjusted model because it is a linear combination of the parameter for unknown ethnocultural composition