樱花视频

Child Factors (Wave 3, 4鈥�5 yrs)

Age

Age in months

Sex

0鈥�=鈥塀oy; 1鈥�=鈥塆irl

Indigenous background

0鈥�=鈥塶on-Indigenous; 1鈥�=鈥塈ndigenous

Home language

0鈥�=鈥塃nglish; 1鈥�=鈥塶on-English

Attention regulation

Average of four items from an adapted version of the Short Temperament Scale for Children [43] indicating the degree of persistence the child displays when completing tasks and activities (e.g., 鈥渨hen this child starts a project such as a puzzle he/she works on it until it is completed even if it takes a long time) rated on a 6-point scale from 1鈥�=鈥塧lmost never to 6鈥�=鈥塧lmost always. Higher scores indicating stronger attention regulation skills. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.79

Emotion regulation

Average of four items from the adapted version of the Short Temperament Scale for Children [43] indicating the degree of negative reactivity the child exhibits (e.g., 鈥渨hen shopping together if I do not buy what this child wants he / she cries and yells.鈥�) rated on a 6-point scale from 1鈥�=鈥塧lmost never to 6鈥�=鈥塧lmost always. Scores were reverse coded, with higher scores to indicating stronger emotion regulation. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.68

Parenting and Home Environment (Wave 3, 4鈥�5 yrs)

Parenting consistency

Average of five items from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth [44] in which parents rate the extent to which they followed through with behavioural consequences for the child (e.g., when you give this child an instruction or make a request to do something, how often do you make sure that he/she does it? ) on a 5-point scale from 鈥榥ever鈥� to 鈥榓lways鈥�. Higher scores represent higher parenting consistency. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.68.

Home learning activities

Average of five items indicating frequency of adult-child engagement in learning-related activities in the home (reading, music, art and crafts), rated on a 5-point scale from 鈥榥ot in the past week鈥� to 鈥�6鈥�7 days鈥�. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.68.

Out-of-home extra-curricular activities

Sum of five items indicating child participation (0鈥�=鈥塏o, 1鈥�=鈥塝es) in extra-curricular swimming, gymnastics, team sport, music and dance.

Parent mental health

Average of six items from the Kessler K6 screening scale [45] about respondents鈥� feelings over the past four-week period (e.g., in the past 4 weeks, how often have you felt hopeless? ), rated on a 5-point scale from 鈥榥one of the time to 鈥榓ll of the time鈥�. Higher scores represent higher mental health symptoms. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.81.

Single-parent household

0鈥�=鈥塗wo-parent household; 1鈥�=鈥塐ne-parent household

Number of siblings

Number of siblings living in the household

Household socio-economic position

Derived variable within LSAC that combines parental occupational prestige, parental education level and household income, and weighted according to household composition (e.g., single- or two-parent household) [46]. It has an approximate mean of zero and standard deviation of one. Higher scores represent higher socio-economic position.

Screen Management Practices (Wave 3.5, 5鈥�6 yrs)

Bedroom access

Sum of four items indicating access (0鈥�=鈥塶o, 1鈥�=鈥墆es) to TV, DVD player, computer and electronic game console in the child鈥檚 bedroom.

Adult involvement when using screens

Average of three items indicating how often an adult watches TV/DVDs with child, helps child with the computer and plays electronic games with child, rated on a 5-point scale, from 1鈥�=鈥塶ever to 5鈥�=鈥塧lways. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.61.

Rules about screen use

Sum of five items asking if there are family rules (0鈥�=鈥塶o; 1鈥�=鈥墆es) about quantity and content of screen use.

Enforcement of screen use rules

Average of two items asking parent how often they make sure the child follows rules about screen use rated on a 5-point scale from 1鈥�=鈥塏ever to 5鈥�=鈥塧ll the time. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.77.

Ease with screen use management

Average of three items asking parents how easy they find managing their child鈥檚 screen use rated on a 4-point scale from 1鈥�=鈥塿ery difficult to 4鈥�=鈥塿ery easy. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.84.

Neighbourhood Environment (Wave 3, 4鈥�5 yrs)

Liveability

Average of eight items from AIFS Families, Social Capital and Citizenship Survey [47] measuring neighbourhood environment such as cleanliness, street lighting and parks and playgrounds for children to play in, rated on 4-point scale from 鈥榮trongly disagree鈥� to 鈥榮trongly agree鈥�. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.66.

Sense of belonging

Average of four items adapted from the AIFS Families, Social Capital and Citizenship Survey [47] measuring identity with the neighbourhood (e.g., you feel a strong sense of identity with your neighbourhood; you are well informed of local affairs) rated on a 4-point scale from 鈥榮trongly disagree鈥� to 鈥榮trongly agree鈥�. 伪鈥�=鈥�0.68.

Socio-economic index for area (SEIFA)

Derived variables with LSAC computed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics [48] that includes a composite of 31 variables (e.g., income, unemployment, occupation and education).